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[Econf_Moderator]

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Foll最初注意收到Geotech顾问Jaydeep瓦夫先生的主题专家之一Econference�


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高层建筑的选址
高层建筑通常可以建在任何网站与任何地下条件。�However, certain difficult or complex subsurface conditions at some sites may render construction of high rise buildings impractical with respect to time and cost.� These difficult subsurface conditions may include presence of competent strata at relatively deep depths (>60m) or due to presence of miscellaneous fill with boulders, which make it difficult for piling equipment to penetrate to competent strata.� A comprehensive geotechnical engineering program combined with extensive geotechnical experience of high rise buildings is essential in arriving at safe and cost effective foundation design.
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岩土调查项目:
一个完整的岩土调查程序的必要先决条件到达设计弹簧常数和/或高层建筑的基础设计。�一个适当的岩土调查项目也可以帮助大大降低基础成本以及保证安全的基础。�
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通用详细岩土调查程序不能规定一个高层建筑工地,因为它将显然取决于类型的建筑,楼层,地下室(如果有的话),和地下条件。�Typically, boreholes for a high rise building are spaced at every 25m to 30m and are extended to 1.5 times the width of foundation or 5m into relatively incompressible strata and atleast 5 times pile diameters in case of pile foundations.� At a minimum SPT tests are generally conducted in soil and soft rock, while rock coring operations are conducted in hard rock.� A detailed custom geotechnical program can be chalked out after initial boreholes are available and a foundation system type has been selected.� Detailed tests including pressuremeter tests, plate load tests, or pile load tests can then be conducted.� If local experience is available, a detailed geotechnical investigation program may be specified right from the beginning.� However, it is prudent to still study initial borehole logs to see if any modification to the geotechnical investigation program is required.
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桩筏基础:
桩筏基础可以被认为是代替完整的桩基础,如果相对主管阶层但不完全足够,遇到在筏创始水平。�桩筏基础的效率将取决于土壤的相对刚度/摇滚筏创始水平相比,桩端附近的土壤或岩石的水平。�可能一定要注意,一定程度的阻力总是提供的桩帽下的土壤或岩石或桩筏。�However, the effort required in analyzing this available resistance may not be justified if the soils at pile cap/raft level are relatively much softer.� A typical example of this is a building constructed in soft marine clay areas when the pile tip is extended to underlying hard rock.� The contribution of a pile cap or raft portion of the piled raft in carrying loads may range from negligible (as mentioned above) to even 90% in some cases.
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典型的容许变形通常是由容许沉降差的结构。�Differential settlements limits as specified in several country codes for raft foundations can also be applied to piled rafts.� Typical permissible limits range from L/660 for spread foundations to L/400 for raft foundations.� Some country codes also specify a permissible for total maximum deformations, for eg. 75mm in IS1904.
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更激进的形式的桩筏设计,已成为近年来非常流行由于岩土工程有限元程序开发解决减少桩。�This specific application can be used where a conventional raft only foundation would have adequate factor of safety against shear failure, but cannot be utilized as it does not meet the permissible total/differential settlement criteria.� Few piles are then added beneath the raft at strategic locations solely to reduce the total/differential settlements to within permissible limits.
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一堆负载测试是绝对有必要的设计桩筏体系。�A pile load test not only provides ultimate pile capacity, but also provides the pattern of pile load v/s. pile settlement, which is essential in deformation analysis of a piled raft.� Test pile should be conducted using same equipment and methods as for final working piles.����
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手工设计方法可以用于传统建筑的岩土分析相对均匀加载模式和统一均匀一般单层土壤类型。�然而,有限元软件往往是必须对高层建筑桩筏分析,并且也被认为是更准确。�������������
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Jaydeep Wagh�

通过电子邮件发布

[苏拉]

土壤调查与报告简短< xml > < o > < / o >
1。高楼大厦需要更高层次的土壤调查< o > < / o >
2。事实结构建立在坚硬的岩石可以更深比其他正常的建筑物,这休息小深< o > < / o >
3所示。勘探需要N / SPT的价值、识别、可控硅,RQD < o > < / o >
4所示。N适用于300毫米为标准测量相关数量的吹在标准渗透渗透测试< o > < / o >
5。较小的渗透的N值越大表明更好的土壤类型< o > < / o >
6。但是,它适用于粘性土和岩石不< o > < / o >
7所示。岩石样本作为核心钻提取< o > < / o >
8。TCR代表总核心恢复< o > < / o >
9。可控硅代表实芯复苏< o > < / o >
10。核心片段录得超过100毫米/测量计算到总固体量恢复< o > < / o >
11。核心部分,所以总结比较总核心复苏< o > < / o >
12。RQD代表岩石质量指标是抵达计算比可控硅除以TCR < o > < / o >
13。更高的RQD表明更好的岩石< o > < / o >
14。在某些情况下,超过80% RQD报道< o > < / o >
15。软岩石给较小值< o > < / o >
16。其他测试导热系数和电阻率测试< o > < / o >
17所示。导电性以及电阻率测试< o > < / o >
18岁。在周围土壤有关桩筏,土壤参数与阿太堡�年代限制了< o > < / o >
19所示。其他杂项测试也在进行,但突出调查的深度或桩基础在坚硬的岩石,在上述命名为< o > < / o >
20.报告应该描述土壤调查及试验提供完整的测试程序采用相关列表结果和相关建议,使设计工程师制定基金会预赛跟上所有表示参数< o > < / o >
21。所有假设明确应包括清晰的沟通< o > < / o >
22。所有限制报告都应该精心定义的< o > < / o >
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[P.K.Mallick]

[苏拉]

岩石抗压强度/ BS 5930

1. 极强的/岩石环锤打击/ > 200 mn / m ^ 2
   
2. 非常srong /核心芯片只有重锤打击/ 100 - 200 mn / m ^ 2
   
3. 强/被重锤打击/ 50 - 100 mn / m ^ 2
   
4. 中强/破碎锤打击而手持/ 12.5 -50 mn / m ^ 2
   
5. 适度弱/薄石板或边缘被重拳压力/ 5 - 12.5 mn / m ^ 2
   
6. 弱/砾石大小肿块被沉重的手压/ 1.25 5 mn / m ^ 2
   
7. 很弱/砾石大小肿块碎手指和拇指之间/ < 1 >
   
8. RQD 70/75可以考虑范围

细粒度的

1. #吹50 /非常密集
   
2. #吹30 - 50 /密集

粘性土

1. 不排水抗剪强度> 300 KN / m ^ 2 /努力

[苏拉]

岩土工程

1. 虽然它是一个重复的评论都是长在一般的论坛,但有用的建议不是所有的工程师,以避免土壤勘探解释
   
2. 已经注意到,工程师不与兴趣,研究土壤报告提交的材料测试实验室
   
3. 土壤报告文档的页面确实聪明,然而信息如果出具一些专业实验室
   
4. 没有清楚地了解报告,工程师不能决定设计哲学以及起诉网站工程师不懂处理土壤工程
   
5. 可能有很多大师正式合格土力学,但没有多少话题相关的主题被授予这个会议
   
6. 我认为土壤工程可以帮助很多工程师要做的好的基础设计与网站工作
   
7. 甚至设计工程师不烦恼彻底了解报告,但继续进行设计,这情况会改变设计在某些情况下,当工作网站上开始
   
8. 土壤参数显然应该理解设计&工作之前执行